<p>German Village Historic District is a registered historic district in Hamilton, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on February 7, 1991. It contains 177 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>German Village contains many community landmarks; these include the octagonal Lane-Hooven House, the Lane Public Library, St. Julie Billart Catholic Church, the Hamilton YWCA, and the Butler County Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Single Dwelling</p><br>
<p>Specialty Store</p><br>
<p>School</p><br>
<p>The Great Mound is a massive Native American mound in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located in Section 19 of Madison Township in Butler County, it has a height of 43 ft and a circumference of 511 ft. Its total volume is nearly 825,000 cuft, Because of the mound&#39;s height and its placement on a ridgeline, an individual at the summit can see for a great distance. In the late nineteenth century, it was theorized that mounds such as the Great Mound were built as observation or watch points, and that the builders maintained the ability to light fires atop the mounds as a method of communicating across wide distances. The potential of these mounds for long-distance communication was demonstrated in 1990 by three groups of volunteers. After climbing the Great Mound, the first group established visual contact with the Hill-Kinder Mound in Franklin , from which point the observers of the second group contacted the third group atop the Miamisburg Mound near Dayton.</p><br>
<p>Built by the Adena culture, the Great Mound has been reduced by multiple instances of unofficial diggings. In 1879, locals removed a small portion of the mound&#39;s summit, finding artifacts such as bones and the remnants of fires. Later years saw the destruction of a more significant part of the top; today, only about 75% of the mound is free from disturbances. Nevertheless, the mound is believed to be a significant archaeological site; its size is believed to indicate the stability of the culture that built it and the dedication of its members to commemorating those buried within it. In recognition of its archaeological value, the Great Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Greenwood Cemetery is a registered historic district in Hamilton, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on July 22, 1994. It contains 5 contributing buildings. Greenwood is designed in the style of a landscaped park and garden with mortuary art and statues among the graves.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1848 the Greenwood Cemetery Association was created in order to establish a community cemetery. Land to create the cemetery was purchased from local resident David Bigham, and planned by Adolph Strauch. Greenwood Cemetery was modeled after Mount Auburn Cemetery in Boston and Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati which had also been designed by Strauch.</p><br>
<h2>Prominent burials</h2><br>
<p>Raymond H. Burke, US Congressman, teacher, and businessman</p><br>
<p>Lewis D. Campbell, US Congressman – over his political career he was elected as a Whig, Republican, Know Nothing, and Democrat, as well as colonel of the 69th Ohio Infantry during the Civil War</p><br>
<p>Ray Combs, host of Family Feud</p><br>
<p>Warren Gard, US Congressman, attorney, prosecutor, and jurist</p><br>
<p>Samuel Herrick, US Congressman</p><br>
<p>John M. Millikin, Republican politician and Ohio State Treasurer</p><br>
<p>Henry Lee Morey, US Congressman and US Army Civil War officer</p><br>
<p>James E. Neal, US Congressman and Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives</p><br>
<p>Robert M. Sohngen, lawyer and justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio 1947–1948</p><br>
<p>Larry Troutman, Zapp lead singer</p><br>
<p>Roger Troutman, founder of Zapp</p><br>
<p>Elijah Vance, politician and Speaker of the Ohio Senate in 1835 and 1836.</p><br>
<p>Ferdinand Van Derveer, Civil War Brigadier General</p><br>
<p>S. S. Warner, Republican politician and Ohio State Treasurer from 1866–1871.</p><br>
<p>John Woods, US Congressman</p><br>
<p>Hamilton Historic Civic Center is a registered historic district in Hamilton, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 1995-06-29. It contains 4 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>Included buildings are the Anthony Wayne Hotel (now senior housing), the 1935 Hamilton Municipal Building(now The Hamilton Mill business incubator and Heritage Hall), the Soldiers, Sailors and Pioneer&#39;s Monument, and the High-Main Bridge (now replaced).</p><br>
<p>Anthony Wayne Hotel 2022.jpgAnthony Wayne Hotel in 2022</p><br>
<p>Heritage Hall Hamilton 2022.jpgHeritage Hall in 2022</p><br>
<p>Downtown Hamilton Ohio.jpgThe Soldiers, Sailors and Pioneer&#39;s Monument at right in 2018</p><br>
<p>High & Main St. Bridge (16281540235).jpgThe former High & Main Street Bridge</p><br>
<p>The Harding-Jones Paper Company District is a registered historic district in Excello, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on May 29, 1975. A significant, early example of Ohio industry, the mill was owned by the Harding and Jones families for most of its operation. The mill, adjacent to the first lock completed on the Miami-Erie Canal, also includes two residences, a carriage house, and a canal lock.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A.E. Harding, a papermaker from England, cofounded Harding, Erwin & Company in 1865. When Harding&#39;s partnership with Erwin ended in 1872, the company became the Harding Paper Company. The company produced a brand of paper called Excello, which lent its name to the growing company town that formed around the paper mill. After A.E. Harding died in 1885, his son, C.M. Harding, and son-in-law Thomas Jones became co-managers. Jones purchased the mill in 1925 and formed the Harding-Jones Paper Company, which became known for its custom-made, watermarked writing paper. The mill shuttered in 1990 due to an aging facility and outdated equipment, and the mill was demolished in 2018 after years of decay and collapse.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Herron Gymnasium was a gymnasium and classroom building on the Miami University campus in Oxford, Ohio. Later known as Van Voorhis Hall, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in November 1979. Originally conceived in 1893, it was constructed in 1897 and named for John W. Herron, a Miami alumnus and Cincinnati judge. It was Miami Universitys first gymnasium, and would serve as the main recreational center until the construction of Withrow Court in 1932, which led Herron to become a womens gym. Except for an interlude during World War II when it served as a Navy barracks, it served as a womens gym until the construction of "New Herron"  in 1962. In the late 20th century its use diminished to AFROTC and mens intramural sports, and the gymnasium was demolished in 1986 and replaced with a parking lot.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The idea for a gymnasium first came about at an 1893 meeting of Miami Universitys board of trustees. John W. Herron, an 1845 Miami graduate and Cincinnati lawyer who served as president of Miamis Board of Trustees (and eventually became the facilitys namesake), served alongside two other men on a committee to plan the facilitys construction. In February 1893, the school received $2,500 (approximately $67,000 adjusted for inflation) from the state to furnish the gymnasium. After planning throughout 1896, Miami finally built the gymnasium in 1897, naming it after Herron, who was so modest that he refused to have his name adorn the building; the building&#39;s exterior instead read "The Miami Gymnasium".</p><br>
<p>The building, a rectangular, two-story Romanesque revival-styled building with a truss roof, was constructed by F.E. Townsend, an architect selected by John Herron from nearby Hamilton, and was the schools first gymnasium. The first recorded game at Herron Gymnasium was a 1904 basketball game between the university team and some amateur players. The amateurs won, 13 to 8. Despite that game being the first one officially recorded, the Student notes that womens basketball became organized as early as 1902, between students at the Ohio State Normal School (later to become Miami&#39;s College of Education) and regular Miami female students, though it does not specify where the games were played.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, the building was moved 522 feet east to facilitate construction of Ogden Hall, a new dormitory. Its final site was near the present-day Roudebush Hall, along Oxfords High Street. Herron Gymnasiums remains formed one of Miami&#39;s urban legends, that benefactor Laura Louise Ogden Whaling wished for a wall to be built around Ogden Hall to keep it private. Rumors abounded that Miami built the wall, but underground. However, the underground wall was simply an original part of the Herron foundation.</p><br>
<p>The gym was coeducational until 1931, when it became a womens gym due to the construction of Withrow Court, which was a male-only gym. After the change, students petitioned the board of trustees to rename the building Herron Hall, which they approved in June 1932. The building was used continuously as a womens gym until 1962, except for a brief time during World War II when the gym served as barracks for the Navy Radio School that operated at Miami.</p><br>
<p>In 1962, Miami constructed a new womens recreational facility and transferred the Herron Hall name to that building, which would later be renamed Phillips Hall in honor of Margaret Phillips, director of womens physical education at Miami for over 40 years. The gym then became known as Van Voorhis Hall or Old Herron. The new namesake of this gym was Thomas Van Voorhis, Miamis longtime director of intramural sports. After 1962, the building was primarily used by Miamis AFROTC program and mens intramural sports. Until the buildings demolition, it also held a yearly student art show.</p><br>
<p>Van Voorhis Hall was added under its original name to the National Register of Historic Places in November 1979, but was ordered to be demolished by an 8–1 vote from the board of trustees in 1986. The former gym was replaced with a parking lot near the current site of Roudebush Hall, the universitys administration building. Van Voorhis daughter noted in a letter to the school that the gym, then Miamis oldest academic building "...stuck out like a sore thumb", and said her father would have wished to see it torn down. Sergio Sanabria, a Miami architecture professor, disagreed and called the push to demolish the building "irresponsible" as it was still structurally sound and the cost of renovation would have been comparatively inexpensive. Other faculty said that Herron served as an important part of Miamis identity as the coaching classes held there played a protracted role in developing the Cradle of Coaches at Miami.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Herron Gymnasium consisted of two floors and a basement. The first floor held two classrooms and the chapels for the YWCA and YMCA, as well as offices, bathrooms, and dressing rooms. The gym took up the entire second floor, and had an elevated track.</p><br>
<p>The James P. Hidley Cottage is a small Carpenter Gothic house in western Butler County, Ohio, United States. Erected in 1860, the house is important as one of the area&#39;s few houses of its style, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The cottage sits on land first owned by Butler County pioneer Samuel Dick, who acquired the title in 1801; he bequeathed it to his son David, who constructed a combined gristmill and sawmill on the property in 1810. A complex series of property transfers resulted in Hidleys acquiring title both to the mill and to the land on which the house was built, but years apart. He arranged for the houses construction in 1860, eight years before buying full title to the mill, which was ultimately demolished in 1940.</p><br>
<p>Built with weatherboarded walls on a stone foundation, the house features many elements of the Carpenter Gothic style. The walls are board and batten, unlike typical weatherboarding, while the gabled roof and the porch feature finely decorated bargeboards and other wooden details. Both doors and windows are placed both on the front and on the sides, with a single window appearing in the top half story. A single chimney sits at the center of the roofline.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Hidley Cottage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, a distinction now held by more than eighty locations countywide. It qualified for designation based on its historically significant architecture, as very few authentic Carpenter Gothic houses built in Butler County have survived to the present day.</p><br>
<p>The High Street Commercial Block is a miniature historic district in downtown Hamilton, Ohio, United States. Three buildings compose the block: the old Second National Bank Building, the Howell-Sohngen Building, and McCrory&#39;s. All are three-story masonry buildings in some form of the Italianate style, and while all feature arched windows on their upper stories, the styles of arches and the varied employment of rectangular windows, together with their varied cornices, causes the styling to be diverse. Both the left and central buildings have facades divided into three bays on their second and third stories; the left building has one window in each, while the central possesses one window in the second story bays and two smaller ones in the third. The right building, on the other hand, is a wider structure with a five-bay facade. The complex sits across the street from the later Second National Bank Building, an Art Deco structure from the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The rightmost building in the block is the former location of McCrorys Variety Store; it occupied the building circa 1930, while previous occupants names are unknown. One of Hamilton&#39;s few Neo-Renaissance buildings, it is built of brick with a stone foundation and basement, and covered with a flat roof. Stone covers much of the exterior, which is divided into five bays by its prominent arched windows. Nothing substantial remains of the original first-story exterior, which has been profoundly modified since construction in 1875. Higher stories retain a greater degree of integrity, due to components such as a metal entablature, a cornice supported by brackets. In 1983, the building was evaluated by the Ohio Historic Inventory, a historic preservation program of the Ohio Historical Society; although it was deemed to be in good condition with no substantial dangers, it was deemed ineligible for any type of federal historic site designation. Nevertheless, it was included in the High Street Commercial Block when the block was named a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004; the district qualified both because of its architecture and because of its place in local history. The district was expanded in 2014 to include 216-226 High Street.</p><br>
<p>The Howe Tavern is a historic former hotel in the Butler County portion of College Corner, Ohio, United States. Constructed before the village was founded, it remained a hotel into the late 20th century, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>In 1832, Gideon Sears Howe bought the site of College Corner from Miami University in nearby Oxford; the site was significant for its spot on the road (now USA Route 27) connecting Hamilton, Ohio with Richmond, Indiana. Here he arranged for the erection of a tavern, which opened in the following year. Other settlers began coming before long, and in 1837 Howe platted a town around the tavern, naming it "College Corner". The areas earliest buildings were built in 1811, and a post office was established in the Preble County portion of the community in 1830, but the Howe Tavern was the communitys earliest example of permanent construction. It remained in its original use into the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick, the tavern rests on a foundation of stone and is covered with a gabled roof. The facade is divided into three bays: on the second floor, the right and middle bays are pierced by two windows, while the left bay is only wide enough for one window. From right to left, the five windows sit above a door, a window, a window, a door, and a porch-like window. The original building is two-and-a-half stories tall, built as a rectangle, although a later two-story addition on the northwestern corner causes the whole building to resemble the shape of the letter "L".</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the tavern was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its place in local history and because of its historically significant architecture, because of its place as the core of the original community and because it remained a fine example of inns from the early nineteenth century, respectively. No other locations in College Corner, nor any in West College Corner in Indiana just a few feet west, are listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Matthew Hueston House is a historic house located near Hamilton, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Begun in 1808 construction of the house was completed in 1813. It is located at 1320 Four-Mile Creek Road in the Hanover Township. The original plan for the building was a simple rectangle of coursed stone. The facade has five bays with a recessed doorway in the center. The door has a single light transom and stone voussoir. The six over six light windows were set deeply in wood frames and had stone sills and voussoirs. The two gable ends both had a large interior chimney and two square windows. Additions and alterations have been made to the original one story stone house. A classical architrave was added to the entry in 1939. It has also been known as The Davidson House.</p><br>
<h2>Matthew Hueston</h2><br>
<p>Matthew Hueston, whose father was killed by Native Americans when he was two, was an early settler of the Northwest Territory. He went on to become among the first and largest landowners in Butler County. Hueston was Justice of the Peace for Hanover and Fairfield Townships, County Commissioner for Butler County from 1826 to 1835. He was on the Board of Directors of the Bank of Hamilton and for fourteen years the Miami Bridge Company. He lived in the house until the mid-1830s. The property was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 1977.</p><br>
<p>Hughes Manor, also known as White House Manor, located near Middletown, Ohio, was built in 1889. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the NRHP for its architecture. It includes Greek Revival, Stick/Eastlake, and Queen Anne architecture.</p><br>
<p>The 10.5 acre listed area included 5 contributing buildings and one contributing structure. Historic functions served by its buildings include serving as a single dwelling, as a secondary structure, and as agricultural outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>Hughes School is a historic school building near Hamilton, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Historically a one-room school, the rectangular brick building rests on a stone foundation. The gabled roof has corbeled cornices and the double door entry has a four pane slightly rounded transom. The entry is in a two-story projecting bay that was topped with a bell tower with pyramidal roof. A pair of six over six double hung sash windows flank the door with wooden shutters louvered on top and paneled below. These windows and the door have arched keystone lintels with stone keystones and caps. Brick pilasters divide each side of the building into four bays the rear three have windows which duplicate the windows on the facade. The Hughes School is an example of 19th century one–room schoolhouse architecture.</p><br>
<p>The land for the school was given to School District No. 4 by Nicholas Curtis in 1832. Elijah Hughes served as school director for the district at that time and is mentioned in the original deed. The school was built in 1887. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 2, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Hunting Lodge Farm is a historic house located near Oxford in Oxford Township, Butler County, Ohio, United States. Constructed as a hunting lodge, it has been used by multiple prominent local residents, and its distinctive architecture has made it worthy of designation as a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick and set upon a stone foundation, Hunting Lodge Farm is covered with a gabled asphalt roof. The building has been deemed an example of the Gothic Revival style of architecture, due largely to a few triangular windows that derive from traditional construction styles employed in the construction of hunting lodges in Bavaria. Overall, its architecture is more typical of the Greek Revival style, due to elements such as a symmetrical front facade, Tuscan columns on the front porch, and a trabeated side porch. The second story features components such as dormer windows, transoms, and an ornate cornice with dentils.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1833, the house was used as a hunting lodge for only a few years; it has been a residence since 1840. Although located atop a hill above Four Mile Creek, the house occupies a comparatively obscure location; its driveway is crooked, and it is surrounded by woodland. Both the inside and the outside of the house remain well maintained with comparatively few changes from 1840. The earliest owners, Henry Orne and Isaac Gere, are responsible for the house&#39;s overall plan and its unique elements, even though it was home from 1872 until 1895 to Lazarus Noble Bonham, a prominent journalist, educator, and Ohio Secretary of Agriculture.</p><br>
<p>In late 1982, the Hunting Lodge Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historic architecture and because of its connection to numerous important individuals. It is one of four National Register-listed locations in Oxford Township, along with the Austin-Magie Farm and Mill District, the Zachariah Price Dewitt Cabin, and the Pugh&#39;s Mill Covered Bridge.</p><br>
<p>Christian Iutzi Farm is a historic property near Trenton, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The farmhouse is a two-story brick building, with an off center entry, sitting on a rubble work stone foundation. It is the oldest extant house built by a member of the Amish Mennonite congregation. Christian Iutzi named the farm Middlehof after his home in Germany. Iutzi came to Butler County in 1832 as part of a group of 100 Mennonites. The Hessians broke with the Augspuger Amish congregation in 1835 with Iutzi&#39;s son and son-in-law serving as ministers for the Hessian church.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places on August 3, 1984, as part of the thematic resource the "Augspurger Amish/Mennonite Settlement".</p><br>
<p>John Kennel Sr. Farm was a registered historic building near Trenton, Ohio, listed in the National Register on 1984-08-03. It has since been torn down.</p><br>
<p>It was a two-story "Amish/Mennonite type" house with a gable-and-hip roof. The front entryway had a transom, and inside was a stairway with cherry handrail and square posts. The property included a bank barn, a brick smokehouse, a corn crib, and an "early" chicken house.</p><br>
<p>It was home of John Kennel Sr., an Amish person, and his wife Anna Augspurger Kennel, who was of the Hessian Amish people who came to the area in 1832.</p><br>
<p>John Kennel Jr. Farm is a registered historic building near Trenton, Ohio, listed in the National Register on 1984-08-03.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Single Dwelling</p><br>
<p>Original portion of farmhouse was built in 1876. An additional kitchen with second level bedroom added in the 1930s. All of red brick construction with stone foundation. Basement floor is brick, a portion of the basement was used to slaughter and cure meat. What is now the garage was originally a summer kitchen.</p><br>
<p>At one time grapes and pears were grown in the back yard. A pecan tree, reputed to be the only one in the state of Ohio that bears nuts once existed.</p><br>
<p>The property is quite close to Native American burial grounds and approximately 2.5 miles to the north is a signal mound, believed to be built by the Adena. Many artifacts (arrowheads and hammering devices) have been found on the John Kennel Jr. property over the decades.</p><br>
<p>The Elias Kumler House is a historic residence in Oxford, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1850s, it was originally the home of Elias Kumler, who held large influence at multiple educational institutions in Oxford. The house has been continuously used for residential purposes, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Born in 1830 and named Jeremiah Prophet Elias Kumler in full, the houses first owner spent parts of his early life farming and working as a merchant, but he later became the first banker in Oxford. By the 1850s, Kumler had become wealthy enough to engage in philanthropy, donating money in 1856 toward the construction of the Junction Railway between Hamilton, Ohio and Connersville, Indiana. He also served Oxfords two women&#39;s colleges and a Cincinnati seminary, sitting on the board of trustees for the Western College for Women from 1871 to 1898, acting as a trustee for the Oxford Female Institute, giving funds to found the endowment for the Lane Theological Seminary, providing money to rescue Western when it was nearly bankrupt, and financing the Female Institute.</p><br>
<p>The present house was constructed in 1856, and Kumler owned it until selling it to Cincinnati shipping magnate Ebenezer Lane in 1868. Lane owned it for twenty years until selling it to local businessman Frank Cone. The house was Cones home into the 1920s, but it later became privately owned rental housing for Miami University students. No longer home to its owners, the house deteriorated to the point that Oxfords city government condemned it as a danger to public safety. However, it was purchased and sold by a man more interested in repair than destruction; he restored the house to structural integrity and sold it in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of brick with elements of wood and sandstone, and resting on a foundation of ashlar, the house is one-and-a-half stories tall with a steep gabled roof. Some of the gable peaks and roof corners are ornamented by finials, while the eaves are highlighted by large bargeboards. Stone lintels surround many of the windows, and the house is entered primarily through an off-center trabeated door recessed into the facade. These elements combine to form a high-quality example of the Gothic Revival style of architecture; although less significant than some Gothic Revival houses elsewhere in the state, it is Oxford&#39;s leading house of the style.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>The Kumler House appeared in a book of old Oxford houses, published in 1975, and in early 1977 it was recorded by the Ohio Historic Inventory, a historic preservation program of the Ohio Historical Society. The survey deemed its condition to be excellent, both inside and out, and it was considered eligible for addition to the National Register of Historic Places. In January 1980, the house was added to the National Register because of its architecture, for it was more elaborate than all other Gothic Revival buildings in Oxford. It is one of eleven National Register-listed locations citywide.</p><br>
<p>The Lane–Hooven House is a historic house museum in Hamilton, Ohio. Built in 1863 for Clark Lane, a Hamilton industrialist and philanthropist, the octagonal house features a brick exterior with Gothic Tudor elements. Other features include an open spiral staircase extending from the basement to the third floor turret, cast-iron fence, a greenhouse and a fountain. It was listed in the National Register on October 25, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>General Information</h2><br>
<p>The Lane–Hooven house, built in 1863 by James Elrick a Hamilton, Ohio builder, is one of only 400 octagonal structures in the United States. In 1866, Owner Clark Lane had a library built across the street from his home in the same octagonal design. The Lane–Hooven house and its sister building, the Lane Public Library, are located in the German Village Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Lane–Hooven House was purchased in 1875 by John L. Martin, then president of the Second National Bank of Hamilton.</p><br>
<p>In 1882, the house was sold to Colonel Alexander Gordon, who was born in England in 1840. Colonel Gordon was secretary and later president of Niles Tool Works of Hamilton. The house was then occupied, and later inherited by Mr. Gordon&#39;s niece, Mrs. C. Earle Hooven and her husband from 1895 until 1942.</p><br>
<p>Bertrand Kahn bought the home in 1942 and gifted it to the city as a memorial to his father, Lazard Kahn, founder for one of the town&#39;s largest companies, for community use. Mr. Kahn stipulated that for the duration of World War II, the Red Cross was to have use of the building; The Red Cross continued as its tenant until June 1, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Hamilton Community Foundation has owned the house since 1951 and maintains its offices there. The Foundation provides free tours of the home during the week by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Langstroth Cottage is a historic building on the Western College campus of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on June 22, 1976. The cottage, built in 1856, is now the home for the Oxford office of the. It was purchased for Beekeeper L. L. Langstroth in 1859, and he lived there for the next 28 years, conducting research and breeding honey bees.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and planning</h2><br>
<p>Langstroth Cottage was built in the mid-1850s by Reverend Edward Root. It was purchased for Lorenzo Langstroth by a brother-in-law in 1859, where he then raised his family and continued his love for bees. The cottage is currently the oldest building of the Western College. After Langstroth left the house, the cottage was purchased by Susan Peabody, Helen&#39;s niece, who donated it to the Western College. Located on Western Campus, the cottage is adjacent to Patterson Avenue and State Route 27, the cottage is a prime marker to Miami University.</p><br>
<p>The architecture within presents Greek Revival influence dating back to 1856. The cottage has undergone newer changes in order to keep updated and established. New oak floors and modern plumbing and heating have been installed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cottage has been used for many functions, ranging from an academic building to a faculty residence.</p><br>
<p>Langstroth Cottage was used for many programs of Miami University, including the Miami University International Office and the Miami University Luxembourg Program Office. Currently, the cottage is temporarily used for office and operations space for the Butler County Regional Transit Authority&#39;s Miami University public transit operation.</p><br>
<h2>Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth</h2><br>
<p>Lorenzo Langstroth grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was the second oldest of eight children. He also attended Yale College, where he found religion, and eventually entered the Yale Divinity School to study for the ministry, where he eventually became Oxford&#39;s Presbyterian minister. After finding his love of bees, he married Anne Tucker and they started a family. Unfortunately, Langstroth developed a nervous disorder, which eventually led him to sell his bees. Upon returning to Massachusetts to work on his health, Langstroth started writing his manual Langstroth on the Honeybee. Langstroth was said to have been seasonally depressed and would go months without speaking. His depression only worsened after his wife died which then he would only show love and emotion towards his honeybees. In the last years of his life, he lived with his daughter and her family in Dayton, Ohio. While attending church, Langstroth started preaching and as he said "I wish to talk to you this morning about the love of God," he collapsed and died; Langstroth is buried in the Woodlawn Cemetery in Dayton, Ohio with his gravestone marking "The Father of American Beekeeping".</p><br>
<p>Sonnet – To Langstroth</p><br>
<p>(Inventor of the Moveable Frame which permitted Beekeepers to rob the hive without sulphuring the bees to death)</p><br>
<p>Since hives in Greece were set on slopes of thyme</p><br>
<p>To win sweet gold for Heroes&#39; cups of mead</p><br>
<p>The gods themselves have shown no kinder deed</p><br>
<p>To Insect or to Man than that of thine!</p><br>
<p>Certain it is no honeyed words of mine</p><br>
<p>Can do thee justice, Langstroth, so I plead</p><br>
<p>For Jove&#39;s Hymettus Bees of sacred breed</p><br>
<p>To weave in Attic chorus round thy shrine.</p><br>
<p>Next, Saturn&#39;s son, dispatch their golden kin</p><br>
<p>Whom Virgil lauded in Georgic lay!</p><br>
<p>Wontan and Thor send Germans black as sin!</p><br>
<p>Sweet Aphrodite Bees from Paphos Bay!</p><br>
<p>And Ra from perfumed bean-fields by Nile&#39;s brim</p><br>
<p>Those scarab Bees that nest in pipes of clay</p><br>
<p>—From Poems of a Bee-Keeper, Everard Stokes.</p><br>
<h3>Beekeeping</h3><br>
<p>Lorenzo Langstroth, known as the "Father of Beekeeping," had a unique way of capturing the essence of his bees through writing letters; these letters revealed his devoted connection to bees. Through his interpretations of bees, he studied the behavior and the equipment used to house them. With Langstroth&#39;s love of bees inevitably came his invention of the moveable bee-frame. The moveable beehives solved the problem by providing a space between the frames and the hive walls, bottom, and top cover. The moveable-frame beehive was patented in 1852, No 9300. This invention of the beehive marks the new era of the beehive. Three advantages Langstroth states of the moveable frame are: 1. "The scientific beekeeper could examine every comb quickly and easily. The Langstroth hive would be cheap, and the combs could be removed with safety to the bees." 2. "The practical beekeeper, who wished an income from his bees, could propagate queens, make artificial swarms, supply destitute hives with honey or brood, and produce honey ready for the market in boxes or in glass tumblers, and he could protect his hives against the bee moth. In short, he could do almost anything he wanted to do with his bees." 3. "The farmer could easily procure honey for his own use".</p><br>
<h3>Italian beekeeping</h3><br>
<p>In 1859, Langstroth arranged to start importing Italian Bees from Jan Dzeirzon of Silesia. Langstroth and his son became successful at breeding Italian queen Bees, ultimately selling them at twenty dollars. The term twenty-dollar queens soon became known in America. Using the Italian queens to his advantage, Langstroth bred the foreign bees with the local bees, causing changes in bee color, characteristic, and honey production. All of Langstroth&#39;s bees became more obedient and hard-working, producing more honey.</p><br>
<h3>Beekeeping today</h3><br>
<p>Since Langstroths invention of the moveable beehive, the Oxford Community celebrates beekeeping through programs and events. One of the most famous local Ohio gatherings took place in 1969 for the summer meeting of the Ohio State Beekeepers Association Inc. The two-day program featured outstanding lectures, apiary demonstrations, and films for those interested in beekeeping. In addition to these activities, participant contests, a benefit auction for the Ohio Honey Bee Queen Program, Karl Maslowski nature films and tours of the Miami University campus were held. In the Spring of 2017, a group of students founded the Miami Apiculture Society. Its the first student organization on campus to continue Langstroths tradition of beekeeping in Oxford.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark designation</h2><br>
<p>The Cottage was the second Miami University building to be designated a National Historic Landmark. In order to receive this designation, the building had to go through a three-step process: first includes a preliminary study with an on-site visit and preparation of a recommendation by a staff member of the program; next, an evaluation by the Consulting Committee on National Historic Landmarks; and finally, a submission of nominations approved by the Committee for Designation by the Secretary of the Interior. Since the cottage is a National Landmark, it is eligible for consideration of federal grants-in-aid for historic preservation.</p><br>
<p>The Historical Marker about Langstroth Cottage reads: &#39;Reverend Lorenzo Langstroth, renowned as "The Father of American Beekeeping" lived in this simple two-story, eight-room house with his wife, Anne, and their three children from 1858 to 1887. Unchanged externally, the Greek Revival cottage features classic brick pilasters and pediments and a fan-shaped front window. In his garden workshop, Langstroth made experimental hives, established an apiary, and on the ten acres which surrounded his home grew buckwheat, clover, an apple orchard, and a "honey garden" of flowers. From his hives, he shipped Italian queen bees across the United States and around the world.</p><br>
<p>The Langstroth Cottage was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1982.&#39;</p><br>
<p>The Henry Maltby House was a historic house near the campus of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1850s, it was once home to a prominent minister in the community. Important partly for its architecture, it was eventually relegated to student housing before being demolished. Before its destruction, it was named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Born in 1806 in Paris, New York, Henry Maltby moved to Oxford in 1848, after serving churches in Louisville and Cincinnati. He became the minister of Oxford&#39;s First Presbyterian Church and then of the Third Presbyterian Church, at which he remained until 1856. During his time in Oxford, he helped to found the Oxford Female Institute, and he was one of the most prominent figures in what was then a largely Presbyterian community. Maltby built his house in 1852, and for many years after he left, it remained a single-family residence, although late in its history it was turned into apartments for Miami University students. It has since been destroyed.</p><br>
<p>Built with wooden weatherboarded walls, the Maltby House had a frame structure, a stone foundation, and a shingled hip roof. Two stories tall, the house was divided into two bays on the front and three on the side. Extending across the whole width of the front was a porch with various Greek Revival details, including a large entablature under the cornice and fluted columns in the Doric order. The house was expanded at an unknown time by the addition of a small rear wing as well as a small bracketed roof over the side entrance.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the Maltby House was recorded by the Ohio Historic Inventory, a historic preservation program of the Ohio Historical Society. At that time, it was deemed eligible for addition to the National Register of Historic Places, and the surrounding neighborhood was considered a likely candidate for National Register historic district designation. Three years later, the house was added to the Register, qualifying because of its architecture, its place in local history, and its connection to Maltby. It remains on the Register, despite its destruction.</p><br>
<p>The Mann Mound is a Native American mound in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located near the unincorporated community of Jacksonburg in Butler County, in Section 12 of Wayne Township. Its height is approximately 20 ft, and its circumference is approximately 540 ft.</p><br>
<p>In November 1868, the mound was quarried for gravel by local residents; this excavation continued until the miners had reached the center of the mound, where they found multiple limestone burial vaults. These vaults were built as squares, 3 ft on each side; each contained a skeleton that had presumably been placed in a seated position. The vaults were stacked from the mound&#39;s floor to a position just underneath its summit; each was separated from others by a small amount of gravel. Eight skeletons were removed from these vaults and sent to the Smithsonian Institution. Findings from the mound have led to the conclusion that it is a work of the Adena culture.</p><br>
<p>Despite the damage done by the amateur excavation, the Mann Mound is still a significant archaeological site and the second largest extant mound in Butler County. It was recorded by an archaeological survey published by J.P. MacLean in 1879, and in 1971, it was recognized for its archaeological significance when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The William H. McGuffey House is a historic house museum at 401 East Spring Street, on the campus of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, United States. Built in 1833, it was the home of author and professor William Holmes McGuffey  from then until 1836. It is believed to be the site where he wrote the first four of the McGuffey Readers, widely popular instructional texts used to educate generations of Americans. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965. It is now operated by Miami University as the William Holmes McGuffey Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The William H. McGuffey House is located southeast of uptown Oxford, at the southeast corner of East Spring and South Oak Streets. It is a two-story brick structure with a gabled roof, and a two-story wood-frame ell extending behind it. The main roof line has a bracketed cornice in the front, and the side gables are adorned with Gothic style drip moulding. A single-story porch extends across the front, with a flat roof supported by four Tuscan columns, and a spindled balustrade. The main facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the left bay, topped by a transom window. The interior has a restored 19th-century appearance, and includes artifacts generally of that period, as well as items specific to the ownership of William H. McGuffey.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1833 for William H. McGuffey, then a professor at Miami University. McGuffey had an abiding interest in public education, and it is here that he began to produce and publish the McGuffey Readers, a series of graded instructional texts. These were hugely popular, selling millions of copies nationwide, and were used by schools as instructional texts into the 20th century. McGuffey only lived here until 1836, when he moved to Athens. The house then went through a succession of owners, before it was acquired by the university and restored as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>Miami–Erie Canal Site Historic District is a registered historic district on the Miami and Erie Canal near West Chester, Ohio. The district consists of Lock #38 on the canal, the house used by the locks gatekeeper, and several foundation sites from demolished canal-related buildings. The limestone lock was built in 1825-26 as part of the original construction of the canal, which connected the Ohio River to Lake Erie. The gatekeepers house, the second built at the lock, was constructed in 1870; the first house&#39;s foundation is still present as well. A mill race connects the lock to the former Friend and Fox Paper Company, which opened a paper mill on the canal in 1866. The paper mill was destroyed by a fire in 1932, though its foundations and retaining walls are still part of the site.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Oxford Female Institute is a registered historic building in Oxford, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The Oxford Female Institute was affiliated with the Presbyterian Church, and its first president was John Witherspoon Scott. His second daughter Caroline Scott, an Oxford Institute graduate, married Benjamin Harrison and became First Lady after his election as President of the United States in 1888.</p><br>
<p>The college was later known as Oxford College and Oxford College for Women. Miami University took over ownership of the school in 1928 and absorbed its students. Miami used the building, commonly known as "Ox College", as a women&#39;s residence hall for more than sixty years.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, Miami leased the building to the for the community of Oxford.</p><br>
<p>Oxford station was a historic train station at South Elm and West Spring Streets in Oxford, Ohio. Oxford first received railroad service in the 1850s, when a line connecting the Chicago and Cincinnati rail networks was completed through the city. The original station was replaced by a larger building in 1895. Before the rise of the automobile, the stations passenger services brought students to and from Oxfords multiple colleges, including Miami University, and its freight services shipped local agricultural products to their markets. A building known as the Junction House, located across the street from the depot, was built in 1860 and is closely associated with the railroad. Originally a grocery store, it became a hotel and tavern in 1868; while a local temperance movement closed the tavern in the 1870s, it remained a hotel until 1905 and is now an apartment building.</p><br>
<p>The station was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on February 8, 1980, as the Oxford Railroad Depot and Junction House. The depot has been demolished but the Junction House remains across the street from the vacant lot where the depot once stood.</p><br>
<p>The Rentschler House is a historic residence in the city of Hamilton, Ohio, United States. Constructed at the turn of the 20th century, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Born in the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1846, Georg Adam Rentschler settled in Hamilton at the age of 27. He soon became the manager of a foundry in the city, and by age 30 was one of the partners in the cast iron manufacturing firm of Sohn and Rentschler. Rentschlers career in Hamilton spanned fifty years; he gained more commercial importance than any other immigrant in Hamiltons history, and he contributed to the citys growth from riverside village to small urban center. Succeeding generations of his family followed in his manufacturing footsteps and further embellished the lustre of the name of Rentschler, and it was ultimately home to Rentschlers children and members of succeeding generations.</p><br>
<p>Rentschlers house was built in 1901, featuring a slate roof above walls of sandstone and brick, along with miscellaneous sandstone and wood elements. Three stories tall, the house is irregular in plan. A large symmetrical porch crowned with a pediment surrounds the houses main entrance, but few other elements of the facade balance each other; even the dormer windows face in all directions, whether placed in the house&#39;s rounded, pyramidal, or gable roofs. An iron fence surrounds the house, which displays some Neoclassical influences in much of its design.</p><br>
<p>In April 1983, the Rentschler House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its connection to Rentschler himself. Two months later, the Dayton-Campbell Historic District was declared primarily along Dayton Street, including the lot at 643 Dayton on which the Rentschler House is located.</p><br>
<p>The Rentschler House was owned by Dr Sherry Corbett, a professor at Miami University, who was vital to the revitalization of the Dayton Lane Historic District. Dr Corbett lived in the house until her untimely death in 2002.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, the house was purchased by a local lawyer, Josh Hodges and his family. Josh is a founding partner of Kruger and Hodges Attorneys at Law, a prominent local law firm. He and his wife, Heather, have brought new life into the home after 12 years of vacancy.</p><br>
<p>The Roberts Mound is a Native American mound in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio, United States. Located northwest of Auburn in Butler County, the mound sits in Section 36 of Reily Township; it is the only mound in the far southeastern part of the township.</p><br>
<p>Built in the shape of a cone, the Roberts Mound is believed to have been built during the Woodland period. Many similar mounds and other types of earthworks are located in the vicinity of the Roberts Mound, but unlike most of them, it has never been excavated. While the lack of artifacts prevents the culture of the builders from being known with certainty, the lack of disturbance has caused it to be ranked among the most well-preserved mounds in the region.</p><br>
<p>In recognition of its archaeological value, the Roberts Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Five other archaeological sites in Butler County were placed on the National Register in the same year.</p><br>
<p>Rossville Historic District is a registered historic district in Hamilton, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 1975-10-06. It contains 123 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is located on the west side of the Great Miami River across from downtown Hamilton. Large mansions line South D Street and other stately homes line Ross Avenue. The area takes its name from the old town of Rossville, which merged with Hamilton in 1854.</p><br>
<p>The Rossville Historic Preservation Organization, founded in 1974, coordinates preservation activities in the neighborhood. One of their most popular events is the bi-annual Rossville Home and Garden Tour where visitors can stroll through many of the homes and lush gardens in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Single Dwelling</p><br>
<p>Specialty Store</p><br>
<p>Rail-Related</p><br>
<p>The John Scott Farm is a historic farmstead near the community of Shandon, Ohio, United States. Established in the nineteenth century and still in operation in the twenty-first, the farmstead has been named a historic site because of its traditionally built agricultural structures.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The farm was established in the early nineteenth century; while its precise date of establishment appears to be uncertain, it had definitely been formed by 1829, when future journalist Murat Halstead was born there. It has continued in Halstead&#39;s family since that time, taking the name of his brother-in-law John Scott, and passing through various relatives descended from Scott.</p><br>
<p>During the late nineteenth century, the farm was used for stock-raising purposes, and accordingly the barn was constructed in 1884 with a trio of concrete silos. Although the operation had been abandoned by 1895, the farm was purchased in 1900 by relatives of the Scotts, and they reopened it as a dairy farm to raise Jerseys. All three historic structures on the farmstead were built between the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth: the granary in 1875, the barn in 1884, and the milkhouse in 1915. The milkhouse was in use for a comparatively short time, being closed in the 1950s by a health board order, and an electrically powered milking facility was added to the barn at the same time.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>Three buildings compose the historic section of the farmstead: a barn, a granary, and a milkhouse. These form a tight complex centered on the barn; the milkhouse is placed to the north, the granary to the east, and a family cemetery to the south. The complex sits above the valley of Paddy&#39;s Run, creating a scene that late-nineteenth-century journalists deemed more picturesque than any other farm in Butler County.</p><br>
<h3>Barn</h3><br>
<p>The barn is a vernacular two-story building, constructed with concrete walls on a concrete slab foundation and covered with a gabled metal roof. The floor plan is that of a simple form of the letter "T", divided into three bays on the front and six on the side. Inside, the barn relies on wooden frame construction, mixing small and large timbers. Some of the original frame was removed soon after construction, apparently because it interfered with the owners hay storage needs. New feeding stanchions were installed soon after the farms reopening in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<h3>Granary</h3><br>
<p>One story high, the granary is a wooden frame structure on a foundation of fieldstone and a gabled metal roof. Also built in a "T" shape, the structure includes corn cribs as well as space for steam-powered grinding machinery, which was installed to simplify the process of preparing grain for consumption by cattle in the barn. The sided exterior comprises seven bays, while the interior framing features unusual timbers: the beams display evidence of being both hewn and sawn, so it appears that the builders reused framing from a previous building.</p><br>
<h3>Milkhouse</h3><br>
<p>The milkhouse is a smaller single-story rectangular structure with a concrete slab foundation and a gabled metal roof. Only one door pierces the walls, which are built of vermiculated and glazed brown tiles rather than metal or concrete. Inside was originally placed a concrete structure for bulk storage of milk: after milk cans would be placed in the structure, spring water would be poured among them in order to keep the milk cool.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In January 2003, the farm complex was recorded by the Ohio Historic Inventory, a historic preservation program of the Ohio Historical Society. Nearly three years later, it was officially named a historic site, being added to the National Register of Historic Places in October 2005; it qualified for designation based on its architecture, which was deemed important because comparatively few changes had been made since the 19th century. The farmstead also includes an archaeological site, designated 33BU85. The entire property embraces 240 acre, or ½ square mile, although the historic site&#39;s boundaries include just 1.9 acre.</p><br>
<p>Sigma Alpha Epsilon Chapter House of Miami University is an historic building in Oxford, Ohio. It was listed in the National Register on February 8, 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built as a chapter house for the chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity at Miami University. The cornerstone was laid in November 1937, and the house was completed in 1938.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register on February 8, 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The chapter house was designed by architect Russell S. Potter. It was modeled after Sulgrave Manor, the ancestral home of George Washington. It is in Tudor revival style.</p><br>
<p>The James D. Conrey House is a historic house located on an old intercity road in southeastern Butler County, Ohio, United States. Although the identification is unclear, it may have once been a tavern on the road, which connects Cincinnati and Columbus. A well-preserved piece of the road&#39;s built environment, it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The Conrey House is a brick building set on a foundation of limestone. Although the roof is primarily metal, asphalt and rubber sections are also present. The single-story facade is divided into three sections: the center, framed by a pediment and columns, with both window and door space; and the right and left, each of which is pierced by two windows. These windows are framed by cut stone windowsills and lintels, and their shutters date from the house&#39;s construction. Small friezes are placed in conjunction with the windows on the sides, and both front and side are decorated with a tall entablature. Both side and front are elevated enough to permit the placement of windows high on the basement walls, while the shallow hip roof is pierced by seven different chimneys. When erected, the building had the shape of the letter "U", with the opening to the rear, although construction in 1900 saw small porches added to the northern and southern sides and an addition to close the opening in the "U".</p><br>
<p>The early history of the Conrey House is obscure. It appears to have been constructed in 1840 by one Ellis Johns, although his involvement has not been demonstrated beyond a doubt. Popular legend holds that it was once the "Spread Eagle Tavern", an inn serving travellers between Cincinnati and Lebanon; although it sits on the old road connecting the two cities, documentation for the tavern&#39;s existence is lacking. Although a farmhouse for part of its history, it was also once a restaurant, the Colonial Farm Restaurant. The distinctive roofline serves as the origin for another of its names, "Seven Chimneys".</p><br>
<p>In late 2003, the Conrey House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. Despite the additions of 1900, and despite the sandblasting that has been applied to the walls, components such as the Doric columns and pilasters on the portico make it an exceptional piece of the Greek Revival style of architecture.</p><br>
<p>St. Stephen Church and Rectory is a registered historic building in Hamilton, Ohio, listed in the National Register on 1982-07-29. Located in Hamilton&#39;s German Village Historic District, the church building is home to Saint Julie Billiart Catholic Parish, an active parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>German settlers founded Saint Stephen Parish in 1830, making it the oldest Catholic parish in Butler County. The original Gothic church building was begun in 1832, but the continued influx of German immigrants over the following decades required more space. The new structure was completed in 1854 under the leadership of Fr.Piman Eberhard, OFM. The church rectory was constructed in 1870. The church sanctuary was expanded and the transepts were added in 1893, giving the church its current cruciform footprint. The Tudor Gothic façade and tower were constructed by Andrew Benzing of Hamilton in 1912. That same year, the church installed Munich-style stained glass windows from Zettler Studios of Munich, Germany. In 1989, the Saint Stephen Church building became the home for Saint Julie Billiart Catholic Parish. The new parish combined the congregations of two other local churches (Saint Mary and Saint Veronica churches) with the Saint Stephen congregation.</p><br>
<p>The Symmes Mission Chapel was a historic church building in the city of Fairfield, Ohio, United States. A simple structure constructed in the 1840s, it was named a historic site in the 1980s, but it is no longer standing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>One of the leading members of the congregation that built the Symmes Mission Chapel was Benjamin Symmes, who along with Abram Huston and John Mesler helped to found the Old School Presbyterian congregation in the late 1830s. Most of the members were drawn from Presbyterian churches in Hamilton, Springdale, and Ross, so the congregation was founded in the locality known as Symmes Corners in order to be convenient for all of the members. Shortly after the organization of the congregation, the original church building was constructed at a cost of $1,180 on land donated by Benjamin Symmes, seemingly in 1843. It was the primary home of the eighty-member congregation for some years, but by the 1850s the majority of the members lived southward in far northern Hamilton County, so a new building was constructed near Pleasant Run, and the old building was ultimately abandoned by the congregation. However, it remained in use by others in the community until 1968, either as a church or as a school, and it had come into the possession of Fairfield&#39;s historical society by 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>A simple weatherboarded building, the chapel was two stories tall with a shallow gabled roof. A doorway was placed in the middle of the front, with one window above and to each side, while the sides of the building, much longer than the front, were pierced with a few windows in the middle and rear. Built without a basement, the building rested on a foundation of ashlar, while the roof was ultimately covered with asphalt shingles. Inside, a stairway in the rear (near the pulpit) permitted access to the upper floor. The sanctuary was decorated with ornamental woodwork, including bullseye designs, while much of the interior was covered with tongue and groove panelling. A small vernacular building, it lacked other significant elements, such as traditional ecclesiastical architecture and virtually all ornamentation traditionally applied to churches.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. Far from qualifying for grand architecture, it qualified because of its simple design: it represented what was once a common country church design, free of ornament and built for functional purposes. By that time, it was one of very few pre-Civil War buildings remaining in Fairfield, which was quickly becoming more and more of an exurb in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. Six years later, the church was recorded by personnel from Butler Countys Citizens for Historic and Preservation Services as part of a historic preservation survey, the Ohio Historic Inventory. Noting the churchs place among contemporary commercial development, the surveyor observed deterioration in both interior and exterior, and by that time the building was seemingly close to collapse. Today, the building is gone, with an empty lot occupying its place, although the historical society still owned the empty lot as of the end of 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Select School is a historic log building in rural Butler County, Ohio, United States. Constructed in 1810, the building has seen numerous uses, ranging from church to school to house. It has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Numerous log schoolhouses were built throughout early Ohio, but few have survived; the Thomas Select School is important partly because of its very existence. Built in 1810, the school was associated with a Welsh immigrant church in the small community of Shandon. In its early years, the Whitewater Congregational Church worshipped in both English and Welsh and supported two ministers; one of them, Thomas Thomas, also taught school in order to earn a living. Using their home as the schoolhouse, Thomas and his wife taught both girls and boys. As the house was a parsonage, it remained in the church&#39;s ownership until 1885, when the trustees sold it to a family named Robinson, which owned the building until selling it in 1947. Since that time, it has been used as a summer house.</p><br>
<p>Two stories tall, the school is a log cabin measuring 30 x, which makes it larger than most log schoolhouses of the period. Since its early days, the building has been given an asphalt roof and various elements of stone. Among its distinctive components is the presence of "steeple notches" in the logs: these are V-shaped cuts made in the logs to enable them to fit together. Notches in log cabins are typically of other shapes, making the steeple notch rare and dateable; most log buildings in the eastern United States with this kind of notch were built before 1800.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, the Thomas Select School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its place in the area&#39;s history. It is one of more than eighty National Register properties in Butler County.</p><br>
<p>The John B. Tytus House is a historic house at 300 South Main Street in Middletown, Ohio, United States. Built in 1865,it was the home of John Butler Tytus , who invented a practical hot wide-strip continuous steel-rolling process that transformed the American steelmaking industry. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976 due to the efforts of Jeri and Pat Rossi, who bought the house in 1970. The house was the residence of the Rossi family until 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The John B. Tytus House is located in Middletown&#39;s South Main Street District, on the west side of South Main Street between Yankee Road and 4th Avenue. It is a three-story masonry structure, built out of red brick. It is L-shaped, with a stylistically eclectic set of architectural features that includes rounded arches in the Romanesque style, half-timbered gable ends in the Tudor Revival style, and an eyebrow dormer. The interior is richly decorated with carved woodwork, and has an original chandelier in the dining room.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1865 by John Butler Tytus Sr., owner of a local papermill, and was the lifelong home of his son, John Butler Tytus; it remained in the Tytus family until 1970 when Pat and Jeri Rossi bought the house part and parcel and embarked on renovations for the next 41 years. The younger Tytus was educated at Yale University in the humanities before entering his fathers business. After his father died, he eventually landed a job at a steel factory owned by Armco, where he developed skills as an engineer and learned the manufacturing process well. Observing that efficiencies of manufacturing could be realized by being able to continuous feed hot steel through a rolling process, he set about to create such a process in 1921. By 1924 his process was sufficiently developed that the company built a new plant implementing it. The plant was an immediate success, and the process was soon widely adopted by other steelmakers. Tytuss process made possible the rolling of steel in sizes and quantities significantly larger than previous labor-intensive processes, at a significantly higher rate of production.</p><br>
<p>John Vaughan House is a historic house near Shandon, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The two and a half story brick building is an example of Federal architecture. A fieldstone foundation is covered with concrete on the south side, the main facade. This exposure has five bays with a slightly off center (westerly) entry. Above the door is a three light transom and the windows have gauged brick sills and lintels. On the first floor facade two three over three double hung sash flank the doorway on each side and smaller similar windows are on the second floor above each and the door. A corbeled cornice sits below brick laid on edge giving a saw tooth look. The east and west sides of the building each have interior chimneys rising above the center of the peak of the gables. East and west exposures have little fenestration. The east side has the initials JV centered in the gable wall. A one-story addition on the rear (north) side was added in the Twentieth Century. A screened porch joins the north of this addition to the original smokehouse. Original walnut woodwork remaining on the interior include window sills and reveals, the main stairway and wall paneling.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The John Vaughan House was the first brick building in the Shandon area. Vaughan, a Welsh immigrant, built the house from 1814 to 1816, having made the first payment for the land the house occupies on November 8, 1801. This was the east half of section 25, Morgan Township, Butler County, Ohio. Vaughan and his wife Mary Jones come to Butler County with a group of Welsh settlers that year shortly after another group settled at Colerain Township. The family first built and lived in a log house on the property. To build the present structure a kiln was built and bricks were fired on the premises by James Shaw of Washington County who was brickyard foreman and superintendent of the mortar making. The brick for many of the homes built in the area were supplied by this brickyard and Vaughans house served as a model for their construction. Vaughan had a hospitable reputation and paid for the passage of many of his fellow Welshmen who settled in the area. He sheltered twenty of them, who had not yet built their own homes, in his house in the winter of 1818–1819. The town church met in Vaughans barn until a facility was built on land he donated most of. John Vaughans son William was the first postmaster for Paddys Run (later Shandon) and from 1831 to 1847 the house served as the Post Office. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on May 29, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Williamson Mound Archeological District is an archaeological site in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located north of Maud in Butler County, the mound appears to have been the work of peoples of the Hopewell tradition.</p><br>
<p>Although a small hole was dug into the top of the Williamson Mound at some point before 1972, the mound remains in premium condition. It sits atop a ridgeline above an intermittent stream in a rural part of increasingly urbanized Butler County.</p><br>
<p>As one of the best preserved Hopewell mounds in its region, the Williamson Mound is potentially a significant archaeological site. For this reason, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Wounded Knee National Historic Landmark, known also as Wounded Knee, was the site of the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 in South Dakota, United States. As "Wounded Knee", an 870 acre area was designated a USA National Historic Landmark in 1965. Along with all other National Historic Landmarks, it was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places, when that program was inaugurated in 1966. It is listed as "Wounded Knee Battlefield". A museum at the site interprets the massacre.</p><br>
<p>The National Historic Landmark nomination was drafted by 1990 with a latter consultation with Indian representatives. Following the suggestion that the Indian representation should be increased, oral history interviews were conducted with four descendants. Th interview summaries were included in the revised nomination.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP listing included one contributing site and one contributing object, and also 14 non-contributing buildings and 12 non-contributing sites. The non-contributing elements are fairly small and scattered so do not detract greatly from the setting. The contributing site is the area of the massacre itself, including the probable location of the post office and Mousseaus store. The contributing object is the 1903 monument. Non-contributing buildings include a log church built in 1975, a small frame dwelling, a concrete block visitors center from 1989, a log dwelling, a frame Church of God, a mobile home serving as that churchs parsonage, three more frame buildings in the church complex, two other dwellings, and a concrete block building. Non-contributing sites include two cemeteries from the Catholic Church and from the Church of God, the Catholic Church foundation and basement from 1913 (burned in 1973), foundations and rubble of a 1930 store and gas station complex (burned in 1973), foundation of a concrete building, foundation of a metal building.</p><br>
<p>The National Historic Landmark program provides some monitoring. As of January 17, 2010, its webpage noted: "The area suffers from neglect." The program&#39;s recommendation (change since last report) was that "The owners need to provide regular maintenance at the site."</p><br>
<p>The north facade facing Lake Street of the Page Brothers Building, 177-91 North State Street in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States, features the city&#39;s last remaining cast iron front. Although this example was built after the 1871 Great Chicago Fire, iron facades were a common construction technique before the fire, and many of the iron fronts melted due to the intense heat. The original 5 story structure was built by John Mills Van Osdel, a prominent post-Fire architect known for buildings in the Jewelers Row District and Old Main at the University of Arkansas. In 1902, the west facade facing State Street was remodeled and another floor was added, reflecting the reorientation of commercial activity from Lake to State Street.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 5, 1975, and was later designated a Chicago Landmark on January 28, 1983.</p><br>
<p>103rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry Association Barracks is a registered historic building in Sheffield Lake, Ohio. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on July 14, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The 103rd Ohio Infantry served during the American Civil War. 103rd Ohio Infantry members built and used the barracks to hold reunions after the war.</p><br>
<h2>103rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry Museum</h2><br>
<p>The 103rd O.V.I. Memorial Foundation, composed of descendants of the 103rd Ohio Infantry, owns the building and operates the 103rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry Museum in the building. Displays include Civil War relics and artifacts, including diaries and letters. The museum is open by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Abbott–Page House is a historic house located on Mason Road, 2.5 miles northeast of Milan, Ohio. It is locally significant as an early, still surviving farm, and as a well-preserved example of Federal/Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The -story house has a gabled roof and a modified T-shaped layout. It has historically been used as a single dwelling. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 27, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Acton House is a historic house in located at 115 West Main Street in downtown Eaton, Ohio, United States. It is locally significant for both its architecture and its connection to John Acton.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1817 in a mix of the Federal and Italianate architectural styles, Moving to Eaton in 1816, Acton built his house in the following year. A two-story building, Actons house is three bays wide with a small attached hatters shop. The brick house rests on a foundation of stone; both its roof and various other elements are made of metal. While living in the house, Acton became a local government official; he was a director for the Eaton schools and presided over its school board for multiple years, and he served as one of the judges on the Preble County Court of Common Pleas.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is one of four Eaton locations on the Register, along with the site of Fort St. Clair and two bridges. Today, the house serves as an office for local lawyer K. Brent Copeland.</p><br>
<p>The Adams County Paleo-Indian District is an archaeological site near Sandy Springs in Green Township, Adams County, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>Approximately 10,000 years BP, the site was repeatedly occupied by groups of Paleo-Indians, who took advantage of its location near salt springs to hunt local wildlife. Artifacts found at the site are concentrated in multiple small middens that are believed to represent individual campsites. Among these artifacts are gravers, scrapers, and projectile points.</p><br>
<p>Within a few years of the sites discovery, a 1982 report noted that it had yielded more than seventy fluted points (elsewhere identified as Clovis points), which the reports authors declared made it an example of "unusual size and complexity". Other researchers have designated them as Gainey Points. Such large sites as Adams County, or "Sandy Springs" as it is also known, are rare among Paleo-Indian sites; most discoveries related to the people are isolated finds, although a comparable archaeological district known as the Welling site has been discovered in Coshocton County, Ohio. It appears that southern Adams County was highly significant for such primitive peoples because of its geology: one of Ohio&#39;s few regions with combined shale and limestone bedrock, the Sandy Springs area is geologically similar to the Kentucky Bluegrass, making it a natural migration route for herds of animals roaming the Bluegrass. As a result, Paleo-Indian hunters learned to use the area to watch for and ambush large herds of animals, which would have been travelling slowly due to the large river.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>The Adams County Paleo-Indian Archeological District is particularly valuable as a well-preserved example of the Paleo-Indian period. It is believed that the portion of the site that has been excavated is smaller than the portion that has not yet been excavated. In recognition of its archaeological significance, the site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Approximately 175 acre is included in the landmarked area.</p><br>
<p>The Adams Street Double House is a historic double house located at 106-108 East Adams Street in Sandusky, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The -story, masonry and stone structure was built in about 1845 in the Exotic Revival and Federal styles of architecture. Historically, it has been used as two respective houses, with each house functioning as a single family dwelling.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Demas Adams House is a historic residence in the Columbus-area city of Worthington, Ohio, United States. Constructed for a second-generation settler, it retains an extensive degree of its original 1810s architecture, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Demas Adams, the original resident, arranged for the construction of the house in 1818 for himself and his wife, a daughter of Worthington founder James Kilbourn. By the 1850s, it had passed out of the Adams family and was home to Methodist preacher Uriah Heath, who helped to establish the Worthington Female Seminary. For more than a century, the black walnut original weatherboarding remained in place, but new siding was installed over the original in 1952.</p><br>
<p>Built in the Federal style, and divided into just three bays, the sides rise to gables with a third-story window. Chimneys are placed near the roofline, while the roof itself is shingled. Inside, the house has experienced few changes; the ash floors, fireplaces, and additional wooden elements installed at the time of construction are still present. It is the oldest of several braced-frame houses still standing in Worthington.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Adams House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its connection to Uriah Heath. It is one of more than thirty locations listed on the Register in Worthington, along with such sites as the public square in front of the house, and the Worthington Historic District that encompasses the blocks surrounding the square.</p><br>
<p>The John and Maria Adams House is a historic structure near the city of Olmsted Falls, Ohio, United States. Built in the early nineteenth century, the house was expanded throughout the following several decades, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Lemuel Hoadley of Waterbury, Connecticut brought his family to present-day Cuyahoga County in the 1810s; they were among the first settlers of Nelson Township, which took its present name of Olmsted Township in 1830. Another early resident, John Adams, married Maria Hoadley in 1820, and the oldest part of the present house was built in the same year. Multiple additions were constructed later in the century while it was the home of Olmstead Falls postmaster Arthur P. Gray. Beginning in the 1930s and continuing into the 1970s, the house was the property of a family named TeGrotenhuis, whose ancestors were part of an old New England family.</p><br>
<p>Despite its early construction date, just six years after the arrival of the areas first settlers, the partially stone Adams House is built in the Italianate style, which is much more commonly found in buildings from the later part of the century. However, the stylistic elements, including components as large as the houses tower, were entirely absent from the original building; the Italianate portions of the house were all built as part of the expansion during Arthur Gray&#39;s time as owner.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Adams House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and its place in local history. It is one of nine National Register-listed locations in and around Olmsted Falls and North Olmsted; only Fort Hill was designated earlier.</p><br>
<p>The Adams–Gray House was a historic farmhouse in the community of Adams Mills, Ohio. Constructed in the 1840s in two separate counties, it was named a historic site, and was destroyed on February 20, 2019 after a fire started in the home.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Unusually, the Adams–Gray House sits on both sides of the line dividing Coshocton County to the north and Muskingum County to the south. while a financial dispute caused most of Jefferson Township to be split off as Cass Township in the 1850s. The northern township derived its name from that of the home state of most of its pioneer settlers, Although construction began in 1840, a date reflected in an inscription above the house&#39;s entrance, the house was not completed until 1841.</p><br>
<h3>Destruction by fire</h3><br>
<p>On February 19, 2019, a fire broke out in the kitchen of the house, though it was unoccupied. Local fire crews were able to control the fire and limit the damage, but the following morning, while Adams Mills was hit with heavy snow and ice, the fire started again and completely engulfed and destroyed the house.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of wood on a foundation of sandstone, the house is covered by aluminium siding and topped with a slate roof. Two and a half stories tall, the house is pierced by five openings on each story of the facade, with the portico-sheltered entrance replacing a window in the center of the first story, while the side features two windows in each story. To the rear, a smaller addition features dormer windows above its sole full story. The primary section of the house is covered by a gabled roof, with the gable featuring small windows and being defined by a broken pediment. As the house is set on land that rises slightly toward the rear, the entrance is placed several feet above the surrounding ground, so a set of steps provides access to the main entrance. A pair of square chimneys sits atop the peak of the roof.</p><br>
<p>The floor plan consists of rooms placed around a large hallway at the center of the house, reflecting the traditional architecture of Edward Adams native Virginia, where such a hallway provided plenty of ventilation during the hot months of summer, as well as furnishing space for the elaborately decorated staircase. Adams included ornate cast iron in the fireplaces of two of the rooms, with reliefs of Ceres holding baskets of fruit and flowers being placed on both sides of each opening, while above each opening he placed a relief depicting a scene from Byrons Mazeppa in which wolves chase a wild horse to which the naked Ivan Mazepa is bound. These sculptures&#39; origin is uncertain; they may well have been transported from an Eastern foundry with which he would have been familiar, or even imported from Europe, but Ohio metalworkers were already producing similar workmanship by this time.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, the Adams–Gray House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture and because of its connection to Edward Adams. which flows nearby.</p><br>
<p>Adelbert Hall is an administration building at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio and a registered historic building, listed in the National Register on 1973-10-30.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1881 to serve as the home of Western Reserve College and named after Adelbert Stone, the son of industrialist Amasa Stone. The building was gutted by a fire in June 1991, and a $12.4 million restoration of the building was completed in 1993 during the tenure of President Agnar Pytte.</p><br>
<p>The Adena Court Apartments are an apartment building in downtown Zanesville, Ohio, United States. Built in 1906,</p><br>
<p>This three-story apartment building was built for Charles M. Lenhart, a Zanesfield doctor. Born in the countryside of Muskingum County, Lenhart was a leading physician at two Zanesfield hospitals, as well as maintaining his own practice on South Fourth Street in downtown. Consequently, when he decided to erect an apartment building, it was constructed to accommodate his older property; the core of the building is Lenhart&#39;s house-and-office building. The unknown architect that he hired to design this structure employed brick for the exterior, along with details of stone and metal. With the structure complete, Lenhart and his family moved into one of the apartments, while another part of the building became his office.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Adena Court Apartments were listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of their well-preserved historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Adgate Block was a historic building in Lima, Ohio, United States. Built in 1880, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as part of the Lima Multiple Resource Area. The brick building was constructed in a combination of the Victorian and Romanesque Revival styles. During its history, the building was occupied by a series of businesses, including a pharmacy, a specialty store, and a pizzeria.</p><br>
<p>Although the block has been destroyed and a new YMCA constructed on its place, it remains listed on the National Register.</p><br>
